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What Are Blacklists?
Blacklists as their name implies is a list of people, organizations or companies who have met with the disapproval of others and are prevented from interacting with those who disapprove of them. In the online world a blacklist refers to those people who have been responsible for generating spam in a very big way. Blacklists are also known as blocklists. So how does a blacklist help to combat spam? What happens is that the people running the blacklists ban the IP address of the person/company responsible for sending the spam.
An IP address is your unique location on the internet. Think of an IP address as your "home address" on the Internet. Most modern spam blockers either come with the most common blacklists installed or allow you to "import" existing blacklists into your spam blocker. This allows to you pre-block a huge amount of spam but you may also, potentially, block legitimate email. Blacklists are not foolproof.
There are two types of IP address:
Dynamic - changes everytime you connect to the Internet. Most commonly used for dialup Internet access. Spammers love these because they're disposable.
Fixed/Static - All websites, most companies and some individuals use fixed IP addresses. This can cause them huge problems if they're reported for spamming.
When an IP address (dynamic or fixed ) is reported for sending spam it's added to a blacklist. There are three different types of blacklists:
Temporary
When an IP address is placed on a temporary blacklist mail coming from that account is blocked for several hours.Permanent
When an IP address is added to a permanent blacklist any mail server or PC configured to block mail from this list will not ever receive email from that set of IP addresses again.Comprehensive
This is the most damaging of blacklists. Not only does it block a single IP address it also blocks the IP addresses next to it. For example if the IP address 192.156.66.67 was added to a comprehensive blacklist then all IP addresses close to 192.156.66.67 will also be blocked.Who maintains the blacklists?
There are numerous parties involved in this but the Blacklist Big 3 are:
SpamCop Blacklists
Distributed Server Boycott Blacklists
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